For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of therapy are used: traditional methods of treatment and diet.What can you eat during a diet for gastritis of the stomach to obtain the effect of such treatment?
General information about diets for gastritis.
The treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes, in addition to pharmacotherapy, various diets.The gastritis diet means a lot, since dry foods, take-away snacks (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot foods and a large amount of spices can cause an exacerbation of gastritis.
The gastroenterologist prescribes dietary and drug treatment for gastritis according to the type of disease, the worrying symptoms and the causes that led to the onset of the disease.Patients may experience pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite, and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the patient's exacerbation (attack);Additionally, the type of diet depends on the acidity level of the stomach.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of foods from your diet:
- any broth;
- animal fats;
- fried and spicy foods;
- smoked meats, any snack;
- fatty meats and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to their difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals: corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings: onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks: strong coffee, tea, undiluted carbonated and sour fruit juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition contributes to the remission of the disease, therefore, foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membranes.
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- abundant table;
- consumption of cartilage, fibrous meat, poultry skin;
- consumption of a significant amount of coarse fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, currants and bran bread.
Fried foods have the maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared by cooking in the oven or in a bain-marie.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled and pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- ketchup;
- rye bread, pies, pastries made from shortbread dough: pies, cakes, pies, cookies;
- fermented dairy products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables: onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- some types of drinks: strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that foods can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence in it of extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold foods: dishes with a temperature below 15 ° and above 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold foods taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable temperature for food is 37-38°C.
The diet is selected according to its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of products (heat treatment: frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting.
A soft diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, includes fractional meals, this facilitates the digestion and absorption of food.It is preferable to eat pureed, hot, not harsh dishes that have a juice-like effect: milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes fasting is considered advisable, since the very consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light foods.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications to fasting: it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when pregnant and is not used for children.
Fasting should not begin immediately with a complete rejection of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then go to fasting.
Fasting can be carried out in two options: with the first option (dry fasting), drinking water is prohibited, the second option allows you to drink still mineral water or simply boiled water.On the second day you are allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts 4 to 5 days.The way out of a hunger strike begins with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to eat liquid porridge of boiled oats, rice and semolina, which are made with water or a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucous soups or cereal infusions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
separate meal
Nutritional options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with green, starchy vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, cereals.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
If you follow the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Correctly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation and do not form toxic substances in the blood.
Food delivery speed
To facilitate digestion and elimination of food from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid foods simultaneously.Liquid and soft foods leave the stomach faster than solid foods, which is why they are recommended during diets to increase the speed of food passage.
Prunes and prunes remain in the stomach for a particularly long time;If gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to consume them during the first months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type: proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates are the ones that leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins and only fats are the ones that stay the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the period of time that food remains in the stomach, since fats are difficult to break down: the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Diet Purpose
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet number 4 is prescribed;if there are symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet number 5 is prescribed (except for whole milk and a decrease in fresh fruits and vegetables).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet, which is prescribed in the acute stage, is maintained for 1 to 2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
Prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of progression of the disease.In case of acute, erosive (ulcer) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;During the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
In gastritis, the goal is to restore normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected areas of the mucosa, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat the first day;you are allowed to drink tea and still mineral water.From day 2 you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, gelatin.A strict diet is required during the exacerbation period;As symptoms disappear, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that help the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| calms the stomach | They act irritatingly |
| Drinking still mineral water, weak tea. | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks. |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| porridge | savory dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meats and fish | All fried, pickled and smoked dishes. |
| Vegetable puree (potatoes, rutabagas, carrots, cauliflower) | Rich and strong broths |
| cottage cheese | canned food, spices |
| fresh white bread | black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis.
In this case, diet number 2 is prescribed. The food should have a varied composition;The diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in these patients.
Products allowed and prohibited for chronic gastritis:
| Permitted | forbidden |
| Lean meats or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meats and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed and baked vegetables, herbs: dill, parsley | fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples. | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| stale rye bread | Salty and spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk. | milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt), fresh and in the form of a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis.
Feeding should be done at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to complement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of an exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the goal of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The prescribed diet for low acidity is diet number 2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Permitted | forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meats in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods. |
| Lean fish, fish soup | alcoholic drinks |
| Meat broths, soups: vegetables, fruits, peas. | Salty and spicy dishes and seasonings (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Fungus |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, thinned cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Rough, fibrous and fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, black currant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Mild tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar. | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes and raisins. |
| White cookies, dry cookies | Fresh bread, pastry |
| porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| jellied meat | milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and fruit puree;jam, compotes, gelatin | Legumes, cereals: pearl barley, corn, barley, millet. |
| Pasta | okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid: cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with granulated caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals you should drink lemon juice diluted in water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It is good to start taking herbal bitters to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion;Drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away because it enhances the gas formation processes.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup a day.
In addition, the diet is expanded and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir and strong tea.If you feel well, the diet is expanded after a few months: you can eat almost anything, but you should not abuse salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.Hot dishes must be present at breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of gastritis exacerbation:
- breakfast– mild tea with milk and oats;
- second breakfast– apple (baked);
- lunch– compote, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, broth with meatballs;
- dinner– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before going to bed:a glass of kefir with white cookies.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis.
With hyperacid gastritis, it is necessary to eat at certain times, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food well: crushed food does not damage the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which help digest food.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
The first weeks the diet is almost the same as with low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, it can be diluted, drunk, and added to tea.If this does not help, it is replaced with viscous soups.
All food should be pureed, warm and chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods are added that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice.The principle of fractional meals is also preserved.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for losing weight).Then diet 1A for up to 10 days, then diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Permitted | forbidden |
| Boiled lean meats: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from them, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflé. | Spicy, smoked and fried (or baked with a crust - grill) dishes, sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish: hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood. | Delicious meat and fish broths |
| Puree vegetables, grated vegetables: young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer. |
| Fruit jelly, gelatin, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridge that boils well in water: semolina, rice, oats | Tomatoes, garlic, onion, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese and stews made with this product. | legumes, chocolate |
| Viscous soups with the addition of mashed cereals, mashed milk porridge from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, seasonings, salt. |
| white bread cookies | Fermented dairy products |
| sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages. |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | black bread |
An hour before meals, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried crackers are allowed to replace fresh black bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to accelerate the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast: steamed omelette, pureed milk porridge (oatmeal), milk tea;
- second breakfast: milk with crackers;
- lunch: puree soup from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes and fruit jelly;
- snack: a glass of milk.
- dinner: boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beet puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food Recipes
To facilitate preparation, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of the gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.Most often these are cereal soups prepared with milk diluted in water (1:1).Puree soups are prepared with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
To prepare main dishes, it is better to use cooking (steaming or bain-marie).This is how tortillas, flans, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove extractive substances), then the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Examples of recipes for foods allowed during diets:
First courses
Creamy Pumpkin Soup with Dill
Boil the zucchini and potatoes and mix in a blender.Bring to the desired structure with vegetable broth, salt, add the cream and finely chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, slightly salted and brought to a boil.Cool the soup to 70°C, add the egg and cream mixture and beat.
Second courses:
turkey cutlets
The minced turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apples, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the previously beaten egg whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is poured with fruit jelly.
curd soufflé
Beat the cottage cheese, yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Whipped egg whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass in the mold is steamed.